Goldilock’s Fusion
In my experience the transfer of heat has always been the key issue of concern for cold fusion applications
When one creates palpable cold fusion the heat arrives faster than the speed of sound.
Oops, heat only moves at the speed of sound in this solid state process.
Cold fusion needs to be not too hot, and not too cold, but ahhh… just right.
As practical cold fusion technologies start to appear, the blessing (and curse) is the heat it produces. Making use of any source of nuclear heat requires a great deal of attention to the fact that nuclear processes take place orders of magnitude faster than chemical processes and deliver thousands of times the heat in those ultra-short reactions. The standard method of engineering nuclear heat is to strive to dilute the heat production to a level we mere chemical beings can manage it. Finding the right Goldilock’s characteristic, in building a viable atom-ecology/technology is the key.
The image at the top of this post is of a piece of 100 micron thick ‘five nines’ Palladium foil 5x5cm square. It was treated by myself and my partner at the time R. Stringham at our company E-Quest Sciences in Mountain View California to 20khz ultrasound producing assymetric cavitation loading of deuterium into the palladium target foil. The energy of the ultrasound arriving on the metal was about 1 watt per cm2 it was in radidly circulating heavy water at 50 C. The metal which has a melting point of 1600C clearly melted. Too much cold sonofusion heat too fast! Similar melting of other refactory metals with even higher melting points was observed. Another perfect observation of this sort of destructive nuclear heat is seen in very rare, very secret, studies of spontaneous fission in highly, aka overly, enriched uranium series metals.
Few and far between
Cold fusion R&D is a venue inhabited by very very few who are sufficiently skilled in the art to reliably produce a palpable amount of its heat. field has been dominated by boisterous social and anti-social ‘wanna bees.’ Some of these have had the tremendous resources of time and money to build ever more precise instrumentation and methods to measure the next to nothing cold fusion effects. This has happend so much that some claim to be able to, and need to, measure a change in temperature of 1/1000th of a degree Celsius. These institutional neutered drones have managed to sway the venue of cold fusion into believing that ever more precisely measurement of cold fusion, ever so slightly above nothing at all, is where the expertise lies. They are correct about that last bit.
Even worse in this modern age of the internet in which cold fusion was born the spinning of science into a member measuring contest has rigged the game wherein those with the biggest budgets or egos (or good looks) have been deigned to be the spin masters of the field. Of course that is nonsense but it’s the flavour of our age. This field that has been so long derided by mainstream science and an endless number of
Real and Ready With NO Barriers To Entry
Click to read more about the miracle of cold fusion. The data in the background shows an array of gamma ray data, don’t worry this gamma radiation is an infinetesimally small part of what for practical purposes is radiation free nuclear energy.
In reality cold fusion is so insanely simple to create that another spin contest has also been prevalent. This second spin is that promoted by the VC’s who invest in the field. Whether those investors be venture capitalist’s or vulture capitalists they share in common one singular rule. That is they demand that there be ‘barriers to entry’ for competing ventures. This demand for being able to bar the door to competitors is simply bizarre and has resulted in the delay of progress in this vital field.
The world needs cold fusion and the part of the world that needs it most are the poorest, not the richest parts of the world. Of course for the poorest of the world to lead the way they need cold fusion technology that fortunately is near to hand and most closely resembles a glowing piece of charcoal not a Elon Musk luxury ‘Tesla’ or Richard Branson luxury ‘royal class’ orbital tourist flight.
I am banking on cold fusion being produced widely in a form as simple as a piece of toast or glowing charcoal. The world needs cold fusion far too much to deliver it into the hands of those who don’t follow my precept, ‘save the world, make a little money on the side’, (in that order.)
Here I am with my sonofusion reactor in hand standing on the General Atomics HOT fusion Tokamak back in the early 1990’s. My device cost under $500 to make, the Tokamak ‘stage prop’ I am standing on cost more like $50 billion
Here’s a link to my blog post that shows my experience with melting and indeed vaporization of cold fusion metals. http://atom-ecology.russgeorge.net/2015/02/01/sonofusion-returns-mainstream-science/ The solution to curtailing the melting is dilution in space and time. Cold fusion fuel must be not only well heat sunk the reacting hot materials have to be dilute so that they don’t stay too cold, or get too hot, but make porridge that is just right. It is very much the same as in nuclear fuels, one does not run weapons grade uranium fuel in a nuclear reactor lest the reactions produce more heat than can be extracted.
2018 nearing the cusp for a new cold fusion world
My present observations of coupling of the gamma and heat-producing reactions at a considerable distance make this process all the more mysterious. It is surely not neutron coupling. Some preliminary looking for anomalous magnetic effects offer hints but nothing on a grossly observable magnetic scale seems to be present. If there is a magnetic entanglement it is taking place via some here-to-fore unknown transfer medium. Does the magnetic force present itself as both a wave and particle?
These synchronized gamma emissions have accompanied some recent work to produce practical cold fusion heating. The reliable appearance of these lovely gammas at a specific time every day is an astonishing discovery. What mysterious cosmic perturbation is responsible is as yet not defined, but is now the subject of an intense search. This experiment has now been running for more than 100 days and while it changes it still delivers both heat and definitive gammas. Click to read more
Today six cold fusion reactors are baking atom-ecology fuel mixtures and are reliably producing periodicity in both the cold fusion heat and gammas. It would seem that the reactions are self-moderating as well as being responsive to my chef’s tender care. It is a Goldilock’s reaction, the fuel pellet must be not to cold and not too hot, but just right for the optimum reactivity.
Check back to this blog to read more. If you want to participate or help just make sure you are in agreement with my precept mentioned above and then with your true identity and intentions stated introduce yourself.
The greatest threat to the world is waiting for someone else to save it.
Hi Russ,
It’s always great to read these posts, they are one of my favorite reads when they come up. Thanks for adding to my LENR culture.
You like to know who you are talking to which I understand. I’m Stephen on ECW and JONP, StephenC on LENR forum. Stephen Cooke on vortex-l. I’m 53 an engineer with a basic lower level background in astrophysics working on Satellite technology specialising mostly on the operation preparation side and flight anomaly analysis, and resolution in based in Holland. LENR is a big interest for me and like it’s down to earth potential but I do wonder sometimes if it has space applications. I wish there was a group like yours here in Holland. If so I would definitely like to help them somehow.
A while ago I asked some questions on ECW about Radiation measurements particularly the background and promised to contact you with the questions by email. I did register on your site but I dont think I really got around to writing at the time which I apologize for.
You mentioned in the above article that the heat balance is important. I can understand this could be important especially for example in the hydrogen sorbtion process for example.
You mentioned a heat sink is needed that is just right in the “Goldilocks zone”. Strangely just before reading this article I was reading “The three Bears” to my daughter.
I’m curious though what this actually means. I understand the fuel you are using is in rice sized grains. So I wonder:
A) if a the Rice sized grains them selves are heating and need to be in contact with an external heat sink?
Or
B) if there are much smaller structures on the grain that are thermally sensitive and the grain itself that is the heat sink?
In either case
C) if thermal conductivity Is important, if cooling is occurring in the process perhaps due to Hydrogen sorbtion process on structures for example? And is this cooling playing an important role?
With C I’m wondering:
D) If there are parts of the process which require a maximum temperature for example to prevent meltdown of any structures and also to ensure hydogen sorbtion is maintained. Too high and it would no longer occur I think. So is the heat sink to prevent over heating from hydrogen desorption or external heating?
E) This would also be good if a minimum temperature is required. Do we know what constrains the minimum side is this also Hydogen adsorption? To maximize it some how or is the efficiency diminished at lowers temperatures.?
F) If Hydrogen is already adsorbed does the minimum still apply?
G) or is the cooling constraint structural, preventing fracture and distortion.
I’m curious as I think adsorption endothermic. Desorption is Exothermic the other hand I think. I apologize if I got that reversed. So if a particle would cool through adsorbion I think. (this normally balanced by the heating generated by desorption)
If enough Hydogen is adsorbed and the particle or structure is small enough with a high surface area relative to the volume it could cool significantly. if the adsorbed hydrogen is removed by ionization or some other external stimulation then I suppose it may not desorbe in the normal way and would co to cool on subsequent adsorption cycles.
A heat sink would counter this however too but I wonder if that would be wanted?
I have been wondering if it would theoretically be possible to cool a very localized micro structure to sufficiently low temperature that other physics states become important. If particular materials such as supercondtive msyerials such as Vandium Nitride etc that are there they could be influenced by that.. this could be important if a superconductive process is needed to generate agents for LENR for example… speculative of course.
It would if required introduce a constraint on the thermal conductivity so that the conductivity time constant is then critical to allow the cooling but sufficient to allow the hydrogen sorbtion process itself.
Probably I’m making it too complicated but it’s curious this heat engine property of metal Hydrides and the fact that they are present in LENR devices. The questions A to G are still interesting I think though.
Thanks and thank goodness for you Russ, Alan and Martin for doing what you are doing.
Best Regards
Stephen
I should clarify the heat pump properties of any metal Hyrides in the small amounts of materials contained in the device are clearly not enough to explain the HAD seen and recently reported.
Rather I am wondering if something about this thermal behavior property is important as well as the Hydrogen excitation process in very localized structures on the grain surface. And if that process some how either enables LENR or a enabling the generation of a agent generation (what ever that is UDH or something else) that is required for LENR.
I’m getting rusty these days…
Actually I think it is actually adsorption that is exothermic and desorption that is endothermic but similar principles should still apply.
This paper reminds me of you studying your lovely gammas… I think you are further along in your understanding. Their gamma analysis is interesting nonetheless.
Recent LENR works of Lawrence Forsley et al, JWK/GEC, Pinescie, Vantage Partners and NASA (2018)
EVIDENCE OF THE ELECTRON-SCREENED OPPENHEIMER PHILLIPS REACTIONS 162Er(d,n)163Tm OR 162Er(p,γ)163Tm IN DEUTERATED MATERIALS SUBJECTED TO A LOW-ENERGY PHOTON BEAM. © 2018).
http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/ipac2018/papers/mopml056.pdf
T. L. Benyo,† B. M. Steinetz, A. Chait, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA L. P. Forsley,1 JWK Corporation, Annandale, VA 22003, USA V. Pines, M. Pines, Pinesci Consulting, Avon Lake, OH 44012, USA † also at Vantage Partners LLC, Cleveland, OH 44135 ISBN: 978-3-95450-184-7 doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-MOPML056 9th International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada, April 29 – May 4, 2018 JACoW Publishing USA
Indeed I have been convinced of the Oppenheimer Phillips potential and pursuing it within my cold fusion work for going on two decades. The best of the OP nuclides are offering some enticing hints of being alive and active though clearly not the principle cold fusion reaction, at least not in so far as they are presenting the conventional OP fusion mechanism, branching ratios, and expected emissions.
Here’s a link to some fine thinking along these lines from my dear friend and co-explorer Tom Passell http://atom-ecology.russgeorge.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Passell-1-dstrip.pdf
Russ,
Have you done a gamma spectrum analysis of the gamma spikes? If you have, what are the energy peaks of the spectra and do they relate to any known isotopes?
Sincerely,
Robert Dorr
Having two Gamma Spectrometers at work, indeed studying the gamma spectra is a primary effort that is consuming me. The sorting out the ‘trees’ from the ‘forest’ of peaks shows that cold fusion is truly a rich ecosystem not a simple reaction or two. Alas there are not enough hours in a day to allow me to browse through all the data streaming in, I am like a kid in a vast candy shop with a world of wonders revealing themselves with every turn. Martin Fleischmann once noted that prioneering science proceeds from simplicity to complexity and then back to simplicity, I am still in the deep end of the complexity stage, swimming the best I can.
Thanks for the link Russ, such helps me in my layman attempts to grasp these concepts.
The “Enhanced” Oppenheimer Phillips effect proposed in GEC/GRC research analysis… an interesting hypothesis. Also that which might be causing the enhancement.
An intriguing reference in their paper is #3…
[3] Observations of M. Pines, discussed by V. Pines with the GRC project members, Summer of 2017.
The Pines are experts on both dusty plasma/solar winds and dendritic formation and deformation… I would really like to read the notes from the referenced discussion. Obviously they are not sharing this.
Russ,
Thank you very much for your continued search for answers.
Sincerely,
Robert Dorr